Trouble concentrating

‘I have now had a fortnight’s rest here,’ wrote Sherriff to Pips, ‘so I expect I shall soon be leaving now…Although I feel better for the rest, I don’t think my nerves have improved much; any noises worry me and I can’t set my mind properly to anything – but I will have to go back to the Regiment I expect, and see how I get on – the feelings may wear off later on’.

His daily routine was unchanged: ‘Get up. Breakfast. Walk. Lunch. Read. Walk. Tea. Write letter. Read. Walk. Dinner. Read. Bed.’ He was enjoying the walks in the countryside, although the landscape was very flat, with no hedges. There were several rivers and canals, all frozen solid, topped by snow, which had fallen a few weeks before.

As for his reading, he was currently enjoying a ‘very good school story…called David Blaize, by E F Benson’ [published in 1916]. He was sure Pips would enjoy it. He had just finished The Antiquary, and was now ‘on Old Mortality, which, although I have started several times, I have not been able to get on with.’

Other than that, he apologised, he had ‘nothing much to say, so goodbye for the present, hoping all are well at home.’

[Next letter: 12 February]

Another short letter

Sherriff’s letter home to his mother was brief. The hard frost was still on, the ice was still thick and the skating was still thriving. He was feeling better for his rest (‘in some respects’), but ‘am still troubled with bad headaches…’. He hoped they would gradually wear off, but their persistence was making him feel ‘a bit miserable and “fed-up”, so you will excuse me writing a short letter, I know dear…’. In any event there was very little news to offer her, since he was having such a quiet time. He set out a typical day for her, which seemed to revolve around taking walks (with some of the other patients) between meals (of which there were four a day – breakfast at 9:00, lunch at 1:00, tea at 4:00 and dinner at 7:30). The men at the rest station with him were ‘very nice’, and were suffering from a variety of illnesses, but mainly Trench Fever (which he described as ‘a kind of influenza’).

[Next letter: 10 February]

[It is interesting that Sherriff’s letters had become less frequent, and much shorter, during his stay at the rest home. His earlier letters from the front tended to be short only when he was busy (in the line, for example, or with working parties while in reserve), so it is curious that the two weeks of rest had seen such a fall-off in his productivity. At the beginning of his time in the rest home he had written of his neuralgia provoking a ‘nervy’ feeling, but he had not mentioned the persistent headaches from which he now seemed to suffer.  It is possible that they had become more pronounced as the prospect of his return to the battalion grew nearer, and his nervousness of raising his anxieties with the doctor (lest he be labelled a shirker) may have been making things worse. The resulting state of emotional upheaval may have meant that he preferred to spend his time walking with other men, rather than attempting to put his thoughts down on paper for his parents.]

Bad headaches

‘Tomorrow my fortnight’s rest will be up, but I am afraid I have not properly got rid of my bad headaches yet, and I have not spoken to the doctor as I have hoped every day to wake up without it. I still may have time to get rid of it though’.

He told Pips that things were going on much as usual – he was resting, and going for walks, and in his spare time had been continuing to write a story which he had begun while with the Tunnellers, ‘and I will send you it for your criticism when finished’. [A few stories and extracts set during the war still exist, but it is not clear which, if any, this  might refer to.]

Other than that, he did not have a lot to add, for ‘as I do not feel very keen on writing today, I will close my letters shortly’.

[Next letter: 8 February]

Watching the skaters

Sherriff’s letter home today was brief – partly because, as he told his mother, ‘I am having such a nice quiet time here that I nearly failed with my letter…and I have left it late…’

He had been enjoying watching the skating, which had been interesting because ‘all kinds and conditions of people indulge in it – officers (French, English and Portuguese), French women, English and French soldiers and all sorts of civilians – they all get on well together’.

He was feeling ‘very much better for my rest’, but knew that it was now drawing near the end. He had been to the dentist three times, and had three teeth ‘stopped’, and the rest passed as ‘sound’. He felt the dentist had done them ‘quite well’, but that he ‘lacked the delicacy of Dr Wallace.’ His cut hand [incurred in a fall while in the Rest Home] was healing up as well.

And there, with an apology that he could not think of anything else to say, his letter ended.

[Next letter: 7 February]

A fine doctrine ‘spoilt’

‘I have still a few days of rest left and I am enjoying them quite well,’ he wrote to Pips, ‘walking every day several miles in various directions…’. The canal was still thick with ice, and the weather was intensely cold, ‘although you feel it very little as there is no wind’. In fact, he had been for a walk with an officer from the Army Service Corps, and ‘after having a few slides on the ice we walked back without overcoats as we were much too warm.’ While walking by the canal they had watched a man trying to cut his barge out of the ice with an axe (‘but after three chops he fell down and gave up the effort as a bad job’). They had also come across a group of people, a couple of them armed with shotguns, apparently hunting for squirrels in the hedgerows, but since they were very excitable with their guns the pair had quickly walked on.

The previous day he had been to a service at the local cathedral – the first Catholic service he had ever attended. He gave his father a detailed description of the whole service, which began with an old man lighting candles round the altar (very slowly), followed by much muttering and ‘people coming in and out just as they please’. Just as they were thinking of going a priest came round from behind a screen along with ‘an elderly person with a cocked hat decorated with red ribbon, a sword girt to his side and a spear – a kind of beadle…I suppose, and quite out of place in such solemn surroundings.’

Extract from letter to Pips, 2 February 1917. By permission of the Surrey History Centre (Ref: 2332/1/1/3/9]

Sherriff had obviously not enjoyed the service, for he proceeded to let rip in his letter in an uncharacteristically bad-tempered tirade:

‘I don’t think you will think what I have said sacrilegious,’ he wrote, ‘but it is all really too absurd for such present days – the root of the religion, of course, is sound – but the absurd ceremonies and tawdry, trumpery decorations, all obviously intended to impress people and an insult to their intelligence at that – what a pity that such a fine sound doctrine should be utterly spoilt, almost ruined by the pantomimic way it is conducted – it is almost an insult to the magnificent building in which it is conducted. If a religious service can be held in a broken down shell battered schoolroom as we have it – where the chaplain gives a plain sensible sermon and a few hymns are sung, I cannot see why people should worship under the same doctrine amongst gaudy trappings…I cannot see why vast quantities of candles should be lit and that each person should have two chairs, one to kneel on and one to sit on, and why a man with a cocked hat with red ribbons on it, and a sword and spear should be necessary…but I suppose cleverer men than us are responsible for the service being carried out so as to be unintelligible to everybody, so we must not complain…….”

[Perhaps the bad temper was just an indication of the fact that he was not yet fully recovered from his neuralgia and headaches, and was stressing over whether and when he should speak to the doctor.]

[Next letter: 6 February]

Putting off talking to the doctor

‘I made a visit to the dentist yesterday,’ wrote Sherriff to his mother, ‘and I now know the value of Dr Wallace, for this one simply goes at it hammer and tongs, not minding what he grinds – but I suppose it is better than having no dentist at all.’

Sherriff’s sister, Beryl, in nurses uniform (around 1918). (By permission of the Surrey History Centre, Ref: 3813/14/1/4)

The weather was still cold, the frost as hard as ever, and all the local waterways were frozen to at least six inches, he reckoned. Skating was ‘in full swing’ he wrote, and he had watched it on several occasions, admiring the English officers and French people who were able to skate well. He had been for a walk the day before with two others, and had tried to get ‘all thought of the war out of my mind’, but he was finding it impossible. And it was a difficult subject to broach with the doctor:

‘you feel so guilty and it looks just as though you are simply frightened to go up the line – and what cure can there possibly be for that? I keep putting off the time of talking to him, but it must be soon – I feel I would be willing to do anything – resign my commission and work at any kind of work so long as I am only away from the awful crash of explosions which sometimes quite numb me…’

At that point he quickly apologised to his mother that he was about to cut her letter short, for he had completely forgotten his sister Beryl’s birthday the day before, and he had to write to her straightaway.

[Next letter: 2 February]

‘Meditations upon the manners and customs of the French’

Still at the officers’ rest home, Sherriff wrote to Pips that, ‘As I am living the “quiet life” still, with no events to record, I will continue a few of my “meditations upon the manners and customs of the French”.’

Describing their habits and customs as ‘peculiar’, he began by observing that anyone who wanted to sell anything blew on a ‘little tin trumpet’ – the paper-sellers, the milkman and even the guards on trains. But it had its good points: ‘whereas the English paper-seller cries himself hoarse with vain yells of “Pipe-ee” he would find it much more labour-saving to have a bugle.’

Next he turned to their clothing, observing that men’s trousers were typically too long, and their coats too short. Calculating that trousers were on average 3 inches too long, and that there were some 20 million pairs of trousers in the country, he estimated that, if all the spare material was sewn together to form a tube, it would stretch for 1899 miles – ‘quite useful for a cable to America or for other purposes.’ But their most ‘imposing’ item of clothing was the muffler, seen frequently because of the cold weather: ‘I went into a bank to cash a cheque yesterday – a clerk appeared behind a barred grating, neatly dressed in black with a large woollen grey muffler wound round and round his neck, a habit I don’t believe is allowed in Cox & Co.’

Next he turned to the French soldiers, who were ‘as variously clothed as Parisian ladies (or as I have heard Parisian ladies are clothed, for till now all the female sex I have seen look like bundles of black cloth covered head to foot).’ The officers were ‘very smart’, and could be described in race-card style: ‘”Blue – with gold spots, sky blue sleeves, crimson cap”, or “Grey, with black hoops, black collar, Pink cap”, etc.’

He found their habits to be ‘singularly happy go lucky’, observing how they would simply throw potato peelings away on the pavement, or how the greengrocer would dispose of his rotten fruit by ‘flinging it violently out of the shop at imminent risk too passers-by’, a habit that the butcher observed in similar fashion with ‘obsolete bones and giblets’. It was even ‘quite the thing’, he wrote, ‘to walk along eating a piece of bread and butter, just as you would smoke a pipe.’ Falling down also seemed to be a popular pastime – ‘practised just now more than usual on account of the frost’ – and he wasn’t sure whether it should be blamed on the extra three inches of trouser leg, or ‘on their overgrown moustaches impeding their sight’.

At the end of his letter, he concede that ‘I may be wronging them – and I may have exaggerated a bit, for after all they are not a bad people – though very ugly – and they are not above “doing” you either’. He cited the example of an old Frenchwoman who would charge you a shilling for a sixpenny bit of chocolate, but at least he allowed that ‘I suppose times are hard with them as they are for everyone’.

[Next letter: 1 February]

Pay-back

Writing to his mother from the Officers’ Rest Station, Sherriff told her that the weather had been cold, but healthy, and that he had been watching some skaters on a lake where, in parts , the ice was six inches thick. He still felt guilty at being ‘back in the quiet while his friends were up in the line’, but fate had paid him back a little:

‘Yesterday as I went down the garden of the rest camp to the lavatories I slipped on the ice and went down with a hearty bang on my back and cut my hand rather nastily – luckily the RAMC in attendance immediately pounced on me to practice on and bound it all up – it has been rather painful today – throbbing, you know – but I hope it will soon get better.’

Letter to Mother, 29 January 1917. By permission of the Surrey History Centre (Ref: 2332/1/1/2/142)

Even in the rest station, however, he was finding it difficult to get thoughts of the line out of his head:

‘It seems that the further away from it [I am] the more it preys upon my mind and I feel I simply can’t go up again – of course the rest here may work a change and I am hoping it will but if I feel no better after a week here I will speak to the Doctor about it I think. Don’t worry dear, as I have said before, as I will be able to look after myself and if I have to go into the line again shortly I will make up my mind to bear it alright when the time comes.’

He apologised that his letters to her were shorter than those he wrote home to Pips, but explained that the latter were meant for everyone, whereas the letters to her were private – a means of expressing all his worries and troubles (‘exaggerated as you know only I can’). As regards his present situation, he told her that:

‘I feel extremely like the times when I did not want to go to school and worked up a worried expression and said I felt sick etc., but now, in a greater sense I feel the same thing – nothing bodily wrong, only a great mental tiredness’.

[Next letter: 30 January]

Not exactly shell-shock

Staying at the Officers rest station, and obviously with time on his hands, Sherriff took the opportunity to send a long, descriptive letter home to Pips.

He started with an account of his surroundings:

‘I have a most comfortable bed-sitting room to myself in a French hotel just opposite the rest station; the latter is a big French house in an old fashioned narrow cobbled street – the house is absolutely clean and airy – this is the Mess or Club, where there is a dining room and a very comfortable lounge and reading room – also a card room with a piano and all other sources of amusement.’

He then went on to describe his usual routine:

‘You sleep in a nice bed with such advanced signs of civilisation as sheets. At 8 o’clock, or 8:30, a servant appears and wakes you, bringing hot water. You get up and wash and go over to breakfast – tea or coffee, eggs and bacon, or fish – practically anything you fancy. This is between 9:00 and 9:30 – after that the time is quite free to you when  you can either go into the lounge and read, or you can go out. This morning…I chose the latter, and went for a good walk with two other officers…At 1 o’clock is lunch – we had stewed rabbit and treacle pudding and bread and cheese etc – all done in the most lavish style. The afternoon is quite free and I spent the time exploring the town…At 4 o’clock is tea and you can spend the rest of your time just as you like providing you are in your billet by 11 o’clock. Dinner at 7:30 with no two-course restrictions as I believe prevail in England now…The place is just like an English hotel, where your time is your own, an RAMC doctor is in charge of it and RAMC men are in attendance – just now there are about 20 officers here…recovering…from small wounds, nervous breakdowns etc, from various Regiments, Artillerymen, RE, Infantry etc…’

By permission of the Surrey History Centre (Ref: 2332/1/1/3/139)

Sherriff told Pips that he would ‘not have the slightest objection to being here “for duration”‘, although he understood it would only be for a few days while his teeth were seen to. But he felt the place was exactly what he wanted:

‘a few days rest like this – I am not suffering exactly from shell-shock, but the last 4 months has tried my nerves rather – I feel absolutely well and cheerful when resting – it is the continual bang! bang! of the line that makes me shaky…’

He went on to describe the town in which he was staying (though censorship prevented him naming it), and how much of a relief it was to move from the battered towns and villages nearer the front, ‘with the continual crash of the guns’, into:

‘a quiet old fashioned town away from the noise – where all that breaks the silence at night is the old clock on the church – whose deep joined musical bell seems to ring just when it thinks, showing the utmost contempt for all regularities of time.’

He had explored the town’s church (‘over-decorated’, he judged) and its town hall, its old market square, and narrow cobbled streets, noting ‘a canal or river running through under the road between old houses rising with walls sheer out of the water.’ It was a perfect place for a rest, ‘combining healthy walks in picturesque country with fascinating rambles round old historical streets and scenes’. In addition the club contained a fine library of serious books (‘all, alas, in French’), but he had no need of them because he was still working his way through Scott’s The Antiquary.

He grumbled a little that he had been forced to come in his dirty trench clothes – he would have appreciated a pair of clean trousers, but there had been no time. He had travelled by train, in ‘a big box truck, shut in with one side having a broad opening for access’ [his description sounds like a French forty and eight box car as shown], and been accompanied by an assortment of other passengers, including a priest, a French officer who looked like Napoleon, a group of French soldiers, all dressed differently (‘who ever saw two French soldiers dressed the same?’ he asked), some women and children and a couple of other men. He described the details of the journey at some length, highlighting the idiosyncrasies of his fellow passengers, as well as of the French railways system. This was the first time he had been in a place where the French outnumbered the English, so he ‘had been at liberty to examine their nature more leisurely’: he pronounced them ‘a queer sort of people whose habits are much to be admired and despised.’

[Next letter: 29 January]

Rather a nervy person

Sherriff wrote to his mother from the ‘officers’ rest station’, to which he had moved after spending a day in hospital. He was now waiting to see a dentist: ‘I am now some way back in a fine old-fashioned town which I am anxious to look around tomorrow when it is light.’ He told her that the other patients appeared largely to be officers who were recovering from minor complaints (such as ‘slight wounds, trench fever’ etc). He was in a very nice billet where he would sleep, but the men would come together for all meals at the Mess. He had not yet had time to explore, but he presumed there would be reading and writing rooms.

He planned to investigate the Mess later, after finishing up his letter, but thought he would turn in quite early, and ‘get some good nights rest if possible’. He went on to explain why, although he had been reluctant to go sick, he felt it was the right thing to do:

‘…I feel that the last 4 months continual (or almost continual) trench life has rather told on my nerves – you know that I am naturally rather a nervy person, and I think that it tells more on some than others – I really feel very mean in coming to a place like this while all my fellow officers are in the trenches, but I felt it best for myself and the men, as to have a nervy officer, who naturally would not feel very confident, in the line with them would not inspire them much if I showed any signs of it.’

Meanwhile, the weather was staying ‘fine and frosty’, and although it was bitterly cold, at least it was very healthy, with ‘no mud and slush’. He hoped, if he was to stay at the rest station for a few days, that he would be able to ‘get some good walks, which I am so fond of.’

[Next letter: 27 January]